Simultaneous Surgical Approach with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in Patients with Concurrent Peritoneal and Liver Metastases of Colon Cancer Origin.

Background: Simultaneous liver resection and peritoneal cytoreduction with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) remains controversial today. The aim of the study was to analyze the postoperative outcomes and survival of patients with advanced metastatic colon cancer (peritoneal and/or liver metastases). Methods: Retrospective observational study from a prospective maintained data base. Patients who underwent a simultaneous peritoneal cytoreduction and liver resection plus HIPEC were studied. Postoperative outcomes and overall and disease free survival were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: From January 2010 to October 2022, 22 patients operated with peritoneal and liver metastasis (LR+) were compared with 87 patients operated with peritoneal metastasis alone (LR-). LR+ group presented higher serious morbidity (36.4 vs. 14.9%; p: 0.034). Postoperative mortality did not reach statistical difference. Median overall and disease free survival was similar. Peritoneal carcinomatosis index was the only predictive factor of survival. Conclusions: Simultaneous peritoneal and liver resection is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and hospital stay, but with similar postoperative mortality and OS and disease free survival. These results reflect the evolution of these patients, considered inoperable until recently, and justify the trend to incorporate this surgical strategy within a multimodal therapeutic plan in highly selected patients.

Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography at a very low dose of indocyanine green: quantification of fluorescence intensity using a colour analysis software based on the RGB color model.

BACKGROUND: Indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRF-C) is widely used to visualize the biliary tract during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). However, the ICG dose and its dosing time vary in the literature so there is not a standard ICG protocol. The objectives of this descriptive prospective study were to demonstrate that NIRF-C at a very low dose of ICG provides good visualization of the extrahepatic biliary tree while avoiding hepatic hyperluminescence and to assess the surgeon-perceived benefit. Furthermore, another additional aim was quantifying the amount of ICG dye in the liver tissue and biliary tract through a green colour intensity (GCI) analysis according to red green blue (RGB) color model and correlating it to surgeon-perceived benefit. METHOD: Forty-four patients were scheduled for LC. We recorded demographics, surgical indication, intraoperative details, adverse reactions to ICG, hepatic hyperluminescence, visualization of the cystic duct (CD), the common bile duct (CBD) and the cystic duct-bile duct junction (CDBDJ) before and after dissection of Calot's triangle, operation time, surgical complications and subjective surgeon data. For all procedures, a unique dose of 0.25 mg of ICG was administered intravenously during the anaesthetic induction. ICG NIRF-C was performed using the overlay mode of the VISERA ELITE II Surgical Endoscope in all surgeries. Video recordings of all 44 LC were reviewed. Using a color analysis software, the GCI of CBD versus adjacent liver tissue was calculated using RGB color model. RESULTS: ICG NIRF-C was performed in all 44 cases. The mean operation time was 45 ± 15 min. There were no bile duct injuries (BDIs) or allergic reactions to ICG. The postoperative course was uneventful in all of cases. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 28 ± 4 h. ICG NIRF-C identified the CBD in 100% of the patients, the CD in 71% and the CDBDJ in 84%, with a surgeon satisfaction of 4/5 or 5/5 in almost 90% of surgeries based on a visual analogue scale (VAS). No statistically significant differences were found in the visualization of the biliary structures after the dissection of Calot's triangle in obese patients or with gallbladder inflammation. Furthermore, 25% of patients with a BMI ≥ 30, 27% of patients with a Nassar grade ≥ 3 and 21% of patients with gallbladder inflammation had a VAS score 5/5 compared to 6% of patients with a BMI < 30 (p = 0.215), 6% of patients with a Nassar grade < 3 (p = 0.083) and none of the patients without gallbladder inflammation (p = 0.037). Measured pixel GCI of CBD was higher than adjacent hepatic tissue for all cases regardless of the degree of gallbladder inflammation, the Nassar scale grades or the patient's BMI (p < 0.0001). In addition, a significant correlation was observed between surgeon-perceived benefit and the amount of ICG dye into the CBD according the RGB color model (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: ICG NIRF-C at a very low dose of ICG (0.25 mg of ICG 20 min before surgery) enables the real-time identification of biliary ducts, thereby avoiding the hepatic hyperluminescence even in cases of obese patients or those with gallbladder inflammation.

Duodenopancreatectomía por adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas en ancianos. ¿Podemos asumirla con seguridad? / Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma in the elderly. Can we do it safely?

Introducción: La cirugía y la quimioterapia han aumentado la supervivencia de los pacientes con neoplasias pancreáticas. La disminución de la morbimortalidad postoperatoria y el aumento de la esperanza de vida han ampliado las indicaciones de la duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC), aunque sigue siendo controvertida en la población geriátrica. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre una base de datos prospectiva, de pacientes con adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas sometidos a una DPC entre 2007-2018. El objetivo principal fue analizar la morbimortalidad y supervivencia asociada a la DPC en pacientes≥75 años (ancianos). Resultados: Se incluyeron 79 pacientes, 21 de ellos mayores de 75 años (27%); dentro de este grupo el 23,9% tenían más de 80 años. El ASA de ambos grupos fue similar. Los pacientes≥75años requirieron más transfusiones. No se observaron diferencias en el tiempo operatorio, aunque en los ancianos se realizaron más resecciones vasculares (26 vs. 8,7%; p=0,037).La morbilidad fue mayor en los ancianos (61,9 vs. 46,6%), aunque sin diferencias. Los≥75años presentaron más complicaciones no quirúrgicas (33,3%; p=0,050) siendo la neumonía la más frecuente. La mortalidad postoperatoria fue superior en los≥75años (9 vs. 0%; p=0,017), constituyendo la resección venosa un factor de riesgo (p=0,01). La supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad no mostraron diferencias significativas en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Los pacientes ancianos presentaron una mayor mortalidad postoperatoria y más complicaciones no quirúrgicas. La supervivencia no mostró diferencias, por lo que, con una adecuada selección de pacientes, la edad no debe constituirse por sí misma como una contraindicación para la DPC(AU).

Introduction: Surgery and chemotherapy have increased the survival of pancreatic cancer. The decrease in postoperative morbidity and mortality and increase in life expectancy, has expanded the indications por cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy (PDC), although it remains controversial in the geriatric population. Methods: Retrospective study on a prospective database of patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas who underwent PDC between 2007-2018.The main objective was to analyse the morbidity-mortality and survival associated with PDC in patients≥75 years (elderly). Results: 79 patients were included, 21 of them older than 75 years (27%); within this group, 23.9% were over 80 years old. The ASA of both groups was similar. Patients≥75 years required more transfusions. No differences in operating time were observed, although more vascular resection were performed in the elderly (26 vs. 8.7%; P=.037). Morbidity was higher in the elderly (61.9 vs. 46.6%), although without differences. Patients aged≥75 years had more non-surgical complications (33.3%, P=.050), being pneumonia the most frequent. Postoperative mortality was higher in the≥75 years (9 vs. 0%; P=.017). The overall survival and disease-free survival did not show significant differences in both groups. Conclusions: Elderly patients had higher postoperative mortality and more non-surgical complications. Survival did not show differences, so with an adequate selection of patients, age should not be considered itself as a contraindication for PDC(AU).

Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma in the elderly. Can we do it safely?

INTRODUCTION: Surgery and chemotherapy have increased the survival of pancreatic cancer. The decrease in postoperative morbidity and mortality and increase in life expectancy, has expanded the indications por cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy (PDC), although it remains controversial in the geriatric population. METHODS: Retrospective study on a prospective database of patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas who underwent PDC between 2007-2018. The main objective was to analyse the morbidity-mortality and survival associated with PDC in patients ≥75 years (elderly). RESULTS: 79 patients were included, 21 of them older than 75 years (27%); within this group, 23'9% were over 80 years old. The ASA of both groups was similar. Patients ≥75 years required more transfusions. No differences in operating time were observed, although more vascular resection were performed in the elderly (26 vs. 8.7%; P = .037). Morbidity was higher in the elderly (61.9% vs. 46.6%), although without differences. Patients aged ≥75 years had more non-surgical complications (33.3%, P = .050), being pneumonia the most frequent. Postoperative mortality was higher in the ≥75 years (9 vs. 0%; P = .017). The overall survival and disease-free survival did not show significant differences in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients had higher postoperative mortality and more non-surgical complications. Survival did not show differences, so with an adequate selection of patients, age should not be considered itself as a contraindication for PDC.

Revisión del diagnóstico y manejo del quiste hidatídico hepático / Review of diagnosis and management of hydatid cyst of the liver

La hidatidosis es una zoonosis causada por el estado larvario de Echinococcus. Los seres humanos son huéspedes intermediarios accidentales, donde produce lesiones quísticas, principalmente en hígado y pulmón. Suele ser asintomática, por lo que se suele detectar de forma incidental. Los síntomas se deben a la expansión del quiste y/o a la reacción inflamatoria. El signo más frecuente es la hepatomegalia. No produce alteraciones analíticas específicas pero existeninmunodiagnósticos que pueden complementar su estudio, siendo la detección de anticuerpos el método de elección. Aunque la ecografía es la principal técnica para su diagnóstico, la tomografía brinda información más precisa respecto a sus características y relaciones anatómicas. Actualmente hay varias opciones terapéuticas. El tratamiento con albendazol, combinado o no con prazicuantel, es útil en los quistes pequeños (< 5 cm) sin complicaciones. Solo el 30 % de los quistes desaparecen con tratamiento médico exclusivo. La cirugía está indicada en los quistes hepáticos grandes (> 10 cm), con riesgo de ruptura y/o complicados; el abordaje laparoscópico está poco generalizado. La técnica radical (quistoperiquistectomía total) es preferible dado el menor riesgo postoperatorio de infecciones abdominales, fístulas biliares y morbilidad global. Las técnicas conservadoras son adecuadas en las áreas endémicas donde la cirugía la realizan cirujanos no especializados. La PAIR (punción-aspiración-inoculación-reaspiración) es una técnica innovadora que representa una alternativa a la cirugía. Está indicada en los pacientes inoperables y/o que rechazan la cirugía, en caso de recidiva tras la cirugía y cuando hay ausencia de respuesta al tratamiento médico. En los casos en que se demuestran quistes quiescentes o inactivos no complicados, se puede realizar una vigilancia activa sin tratamiento. (AU)

A review of the diagnosis and management of liver hydatid cyst.

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus in the larval stage. Humans are accidental intermediary hosts where cystic lesions develop, primarily in the liver and the lungs. It is usually asymptomatic, hence it often represents an incidental finding. Symptoms result from cyst expansion and/or host inflammatory reaction. Hepatomegaly is the most common sign. Hydatidosis induces no specific changes in lab tests but immunodiagnostics are available that may complement its study, with antibody detection being the modality of choice. While ultrasound is the main diagnostic technique, tomography offers more accurate information regarding both characteristics and anatomical relations. A number of therapy options are presently available. Treatment with albendazole, whether combined or not with praziquantel, is useful for smaller, uncomplicated cysts (< 5 cm). Only 30 % of cysts disappear with medical treatment alone. Surgery is indicated for bigger liver cysts (> 10 cm), and cysts at risk of rupture and/or complicated cysts. The laparoscopic approach is scarcely widespread. The radical technique (total cystopericystectomy) is preferable because of its lower risk for postoperative abdominal infection, biliary fistula, and overall morbidity. Conservative techniques are appropriate in endemic areas where surgery is performed by nonspecialist surgeons. PAIR (puncture-aspiration-injection-reaspiration) is an innovative technique representing an alternative to surgery. It is indicated for inoperable cases and/or patients who reject surgery, for recurrence after surgery, and for lack of response to medical treatment. Active surveillance without treatment may be indicated for quiescent or inactive, uncomplicated liver cysts.

Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma in the elderly. Can we do it safely? / Duodenopancreatectomía por adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas en ancianos. ¿Podemos asumirla con seguridad?

INTRODUCTION: Surgery and chemotherapy have increased the survival of pancreatic cancer. The decrease in postoperative morbidity and mortality and increase in life expectancy, has expanded the indications por cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy (PDC), although it remains controversial in the geriatric population. METHODS: Retrospective study on a prospective database of patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas who underwent PDC between 2007-2018.The main objective was to analyse the morbidity-mortality and survival associated with PDC in patients≥75 years (elderly). RESULTS: 79 patients were included, 21 of them older than 75 years (27%); within this group, 23.9% were over 80 years old. The ASA of both groups was similar. Patients≥75 years required more transfusions. No differences in operating time were observed, although more vascular resection were performed in the elderly (26 vs. 8.7%; P=.037). Morbidity was higher in the elderly (61.9 vs. 46.6%), although without differences. Patients aged≥75 years had more non-surgical complications (33.3%, P=.050), being pneumonia the most frequent. Postoperative mortality was higher in the≥75 years (9 vs. 0%; P=.017). The overall survival and disease-free survival did not show significant differences in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients had higher postoperative mortality and more non-surgical complications. Survival did not show differences, so with an adequate selection of patients, age should not be considered itself as a contraindication for PDC.

Influence of simultaneous liver and peritoneal resection on postoperative morbi-mortality and survival in patients with colon cancer treated with surgical cytoreduction and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy. / Influencia de la resección hepática y peritoneal simultánea, en la morbimortalidad y supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer de colon intervenidos mediante cirugía citorreductora con quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica.

INTRODUCTION: Cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC) has recently been established as the treatment of choice for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colonic origin. Until recently, the simultaneous presence of peritoneal and hepatic dissemination has been considered a contraindication for surgery. The aim of this paper is to analyze the morbidity, mortality and survival of patients with simultaneous peritoneal and hepatic resection with HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to colon cancer. METHODS: Between January 2010 and January 2015, 61 patients were operated on, 16 had simultaneous peritoneal and hepatic dissemination (group RH+), and 45 presented only peritoneal dissemination (group RH-). RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups in terms of demographic data, length of surgery and extension of peritoneal disease. Postoperative grade III-V complications were significantly higher in the RH+ group (56.3 vs. 26.6%; P=.032). For the whole group, mortality rate was 3.2% (two patients in group RH-, and none in group RH+). Patients with liver resection had a longer postoperative stay (14.4 vs. 23.1 days) (P=.027). Median overall survival was 33 months for RH-, and 36 for RH+ group. Median disease-free survival was 16 months for RH-, and 24 months for RH+ group. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous peritoneal cytoreduction and hepatic resection resulted in a significantly higher Clavien grade III-V morbidity and a longer hospital stay, although the results are similar to other major abdominal interventions. The application of multimodal oncological and surgical treatment may obtain similar long-term survival results in both groups.

Influencia de la resección hepática y peritoneal simultánea, en la morbimortalidad y supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer de colon intervenidos mediante cirugía citorreductora con quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica / Influence of simultaneous liver and peritoneal resection on postoperative morbi-mortality and survival in patients with colon cancer treated with surgical cytoreduction and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La citorreducción con quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC) se ha postulado como tratamiento de elección en pacientes seleccionados con carcinomatosis peritoneal por cáncer de colon. La presencia simultánea de diseminación peritoneal y hepática ha sido considerada una contraindicación para esta cirugía. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la morbimortalidad y supervivencia de los pacientes con carcinomatosis peritoneal por cáncer de colon, intervenidos mediante una citorreducción peritoneal y resección hepática simultánea con HIPEC. MÉTODOS: Entre enero de 2010 y enero de 2015 se intervinieron 61 pacientes, 45 pacientes con carcinomatosis peritoneal (grupo RH−) y 16 con carcinomatosis peritoneal y metástasis hepáticas (grupo RH+). RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencias significativas entre los 2grupos en los datos demográficos, ASA, duración de la intervención, ni extensión de la enfermedad peritoneal. Las complicaciones postoperatorias Clavien III-V fueron significativamente superiores en el grupo RH+ (56,3 vs. 26,6%; p = 0,03). La mortalidad global de la serie fue del 3,2% (2 pacientes en el grupo RH− y ninguno en el grupo RH+). Los pacientes con resección hepática presentaron una estancia hospitalaria significativamente más larga (14,4 vs. 23,1 días; p = 0,027). La mediana estimada de supervivencia global fue de 33 meses para RH− y de 36 meses para RH+, y la de supervivencia libre de enfermedad fue de 16 meses para RH− y de 24 para RH+. CONCLUSIONES: La citorreducción peritoneal con resección hepática simultánea presenta una morbilidad postoperatoria y una estancia hospitalaria significativamente mayores, aunque las cifras son similares a las de otras cirugías abdominales mayores. La aplicación de un tratamiento oncológico y quirúrgico multimodal permite obtener resultados de supervivencia similares en ambos grupos

INTRODUCTION: Cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC) has recently been established as the treatment of choice for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colonic origin. Until recently, the simultaneous presence of peritoneal and hepatic dissemination has been considered a contraindication for surgery. The aim of this paper is to analyze the morbidity, mortality and survival of patients with simultaneous peritoneal and hepatic resection with HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to colon cancer. METHODS: Between January 2010 and January 2015, 61 patients were operated on, 16 had simultaneous peritoneal and hepatic dissemination (group RH+), and 45 presented only peritoneal dissemination (group RH−). RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups in terms of demographic data, length of surgery and extension of peritoneal disease. Postoperative grade III-V complications were significantly higher in the RH+ group (56.3 vs. 26.6%; P=.032). For the whole group, mortality rate was 3.2% (two patients in group RH−, and none in group RH+). Patients with liver resection had a longer postoperative stay (14.4 vs. 23.1 days) (P=.027). Median overall survival was 33 months for RH−, and 36 for RH+ group. Median disease-free survival was 16 months for RH−, and 24 months for RH+ group. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous peritoneal cytoreduction and hepatic resection resulted in a significantly higher Clavien grade III-V morbidity and a longer hospital stay, although the results are similar to other major abdominal interventions. The application of multimodal oncological and surgical treatment may obtain similar long-term survival results in both groups

Seudoquiste pancreático intrahepático bilateral / Bilateral intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst

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Colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica transgástrica por laparoscopia tras derivación biliopancreática / Laparoscopic transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after biliopancreatic diversion

En los pacientes a los que se les ha realizado una cirugía gástrica en Y-de-Roux, la realización de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) es muy dificultosa. Debido al aumento de la prevalencia de la obesidad mórbida y a la realización de cirugías laparoscópicas para su tratamiento, la incidencia de problemas biliares en pacientes con anatomía modificada también es creciente. Presentamos una técnica quirúrgica laparoscópica para acceder a la vía biliar por endoscopio, a través del estómago excluido

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may be difficult in patients that have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Due to the fact that prevalence of morbid obesity is increasing, and laparoscopic procedures for its treatment have increased, the incidence of biliary tract problems in patients of altered anatomy is also growing. We describe a laparoscopic technique to access the biliary tree by endoscope, through the excluded stomach

Resultados de la rehabilitación multimodal en la duodenopancreatectomía cefálica / Outcomes of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme for pancreaticoduodenectomy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La rehabilitación multimodal precoz (RMP) ha demostrado en la cirugía colorrectal una reducción de la morbilidad y de la hospitalización sin comprometer la seguridad de los pacientes. La experiencia de la RMP en la duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC) es más limitada. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la aplicabilidad de un programa RMP en los pacientes intervenidos mediante una DPC en nuestro medio y evaluar los resultados postoperatorios. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo utilizando una base de datos prospectiva de 41 pacientes a los que se realizó DPC y fueron incluidos en un programa de RMP. Se evaluaron 3 elementos clave: retirada precoz de sondas y drenajes, ingesta oral y movilización precoz. Las variables analizadas fueron la mortalidad, morbilidad, datos perioperatorios, estancia hospitalaria, reintervenciones y reingresos. Este grupo de pacientes fue comparado con un grupo control de 44 pacientes consecutivos, en los que se realizó una DPC con manejo postoperatorio estándar. RESULTADOS: Se estudió a 85 pacientes intervenidos con DPC (41 pacientes en el grupo RMP y 44 pacientes en el grupo control). La mortalidad global fue del 2,4%: 2 pacientes pertenecientes al grupo control. No encontramos diferencias significativas en la mortalidad, ingreso en Reanimación, reintervenciones ni reingresos. El grupo RMP presentó una morbilidad menor que el grupo control (32 vs. 48%; p = 0,072), y una estancia hospitalaria menor (14,2 vs. 18,7 días; p = 0,014). Todos los elementos clave propuestos fueron conseguidos. CONCLUSIONES: La RMP en la DPC puede implantarse con seguridad en nuestro medio. Permite unificar los cuidados perioperatorios, disminuir la variabilidad clínica y la estancia media y como consecuencia, el coste hospitalario

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has demonstrated in colorectal surgery a reduction in morbidity and length of stay without compromising security. Experience with ERAS programs in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is still limited. The aims of this study were first to evaluate the applicability of an ERAS program for PD patients in our hospital, and second to analyze the postoperative results. METHODS: A retrospective study using a prospectively maintained database identified 41 consecutive PD included in an ERAS program. Key elements studied were early removal of tubes and drainages, early oral feeding and early mobilization. Variables studied were mortality, morbidity, perioperative data, length of stay, re-interventions and inpatient readmission. This group of patients was compared with an historic control group of 44 PD patients with a standard postoperative management. RESULTS: A total of 85 pancreatoduodenectomies were analyzed (41 patients in the ERAS group, and 44 patients in the control group. General mortality was 2.4% (2 patients) belonging to the control group. There were no statistical differences in mortality, length of stay in intensive care, reoperationss, and readmissions. ERAS group had a lower morbidity rate than the control group (32 vs. 48%; P=.072), as well as a lower length of stay (14.2 vs. 18.7 days). All the key ERAS proposed elements were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: ERAS programs may be implemented safely in pancreaticoduodenectomy. They may reduce the length of stay, unifying perioperative care and diminishing clinical variability and hospital costs

Outcomes of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has demonstrated in colorectal surgery a reduction in morbidity and length of stay without compromising security. Experience with ERAS programs in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is still limited. The aims of this study were first to evaluate the applicability of an ERAS program for PD patients in our hospital, and second to analyze the postoperative results. METHODS: A retrospective study using a prospectively maintained database identified 41 consecutive PD included in an ERAS program. Key elements studied were early removal of tubes and drainages, early oral feeding and early mobilization. Variables studied were mortality, morbidity, perioperative data, length of stay, re-interventions and inpatient readmission. This group of patients was compared with an historic control group of 44 PD patients with a standard postoperative management. RESULTS: A total of 85 pancreatoduodenectomies were analyzed (41 patients in the ERAS group, and 44 patients in the control group. General mortality was 2.4% (2 patients) belonging to the control group. There were no statistical differences in mortality, length of stay in intensive care, reoperationss, and readmissions. ERAS group had a lower morbidity rate than the control group (32 vs. 48%; P=.072), as well as a lower length of stay (14.2 vs. 18.7 days). All the key ERAS proposed elements were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: ERAS programs may be implemented safely in pancreaticoduodenectomy. They may reduce the length of stay, unifying perioperative care and diminishing clinical variability and hospital costs.

Laparoscopic transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after biliopancreatic diversion.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may be difficult in patients that have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Due to the fact that prevalence of morbid obesity is increasing, and laparoscopic procedures for its treatment have increased, the incidence of biliary tract problems in patients of altered anatomy is also growing. We describe a laparoscopic technique to access the biliary tree by endoscope, through the excluded stomach.

Fístula reno-duodenal en el contexto de un tumor renal / Renal-Duodenal fistula in the context of a renal tumor

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